Languages / English / Level 5 · Unit 3

Who Gets to Define 'Authentic'? — Writing Cultural Essays

Lesson 133 of 170 · Level 5 of 6All lessons
In this lesson

You are learning writing cultural essays: you will read the scene it happens in, learn 10 words and phrases, take apart the pattern behind them (rhetorical questions and embedded questions in essay writing), hear them in a conversation, rehearse them, and finish by saying one thing out loud to be graded.

The scene

Mission Chinese Food, Lower East Side, Chinese-American cooking

The Authenticity Trap

Mission Chinese Food sits on the Lower East Side, serving dishes that no one in China would recognize — and that is precisely the point. Kung pao pastrami. Thrice-cooked bacon. Mapo tofu with enough Sichuan peppercorn to make your lips vibrate. The question of whether this counts as 'authentic' Chinese food is a question the restaurant openly refuses to answer.

But who gets to ask that question in the first place? When a Sichuan grandmother adapts her recipes to American ingredients, no one questions her authenticity. When a non-Chinese chef does the same, the debate ignites. What this reveals is that authenticity is not about food — it is about power, permission, and who profits from the narrative.

Whether Mission Chinese represents creative homage or cultural appropriation depends entirely on the framework you bring. From one angle, it celebrates the dynamism of Chinese-American cooking. From another, it co-opts traditions that immigrant chefs built without recognition or reward.

The essay does not resolve this tension. That is its purpose. A good cultural essay does not deliver answers — it interrogates assumptions, names the power dynamics, and leaves the reader more uncomfortable than before. Comfort is not the goal. Thought is.